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January 2020 Briefing – Pulmonology

Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Pulmonology for January 2020. This roundup includes the latest...
A clinical trial to test an experimental antiviral drug's effectiveness against the new coronavirus will be conducted in China as it battles a coronavirus outbreak there.

Experimental Antiviral Drug to Be Tested Against New Coronavirus

Trial to be conducted in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak
Multiple major cities in China are estimated to have imported cases of 2019 novel coronavirus and epidemics are estimated to be growing exponentially in those cities

Spread of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak Estimated

By Jan. 25, 2020, 75,815 individuals had been infected in Wuhan; epidemic doubling time 6.4 days
In the early stages

In Early Stages, Novel 2019 Coronavirus Doubling Every 7.4 Days

Most early cases, but fewer subsequent cases, were linked to Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market
The United States spends substantially more than any other wealthy nation on health care

U.S. Spends More on Health Care, but Has Worse Life Expectancy

Compared with 10 other wealthy nations, U.S. has lower life expectancy, higher suicide rates
Comorbidities increase the rate of all-cause

Comorbidities Tied to Higher Rates of All-Cause Admissions in MS Patients

But comorbidities not associated with increased hospitalizations related to multiple sclerosis
Conservative management with initial observation may be noninferior to immediate interventional management for carefully selected patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Conservative Tx for Spontaneous Pneumothorax Seems Noninferior

Modest but statistically fragile evidence suggests noninferiority to prompt interventional management
Short-term exposure to diesel exhaust fumes has an adverse impact on endothelial function and vascular wall properties

Exposure to Diesel Exhaust May Impair Endothelial Function

Also, pulse wave velocity and augmentation index increased and heart rate variability was impaired
Obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery have improvement in dyspnea

Patients Have Less Dyspnea After Bariatric Surgery for Obesity

Dyspnea score change positively linked to air trapping extent change, end-expiratory tracheal shape change
The gender gap in starting salary for physicians persists

Gender Gap Persists in Starting Salary for Physicians

Gender differences in preferences for control over work-life balance do not account for gap in salary