Trends for children tracked consistently with those of adults; incidence lower for children aged 0 to 10 years

Use of a higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in anemic preterm infants does not lower risk for death, neurodevelopmental impairment

Estimated rates of NAS, maternal opioid-related diagnoses increased from 2010 to 2017 in the U.S., with variation between states

Pace of annual decline in lung cancer mortality increased from 2009-2013 to 2014-2018 for men, women, overall

Electronic cigarette use increases the risk for later daily cigarette smoking more than threefold

Risk for SUD lower for subgroups of individuals with ASD receiving one or multiple psychotropic agents

Rates at beginning and end of study and extent of change in rates significantly vary across states

2.5 percent drop seen in monthly pneumonia, flu mortality rates with implementation of state laws requiring hospitals to offer flu shot

Pediatricians should initiate comprehensive evaluations, including medical, psych assessment; refer to multidisciplinary care