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Neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 years of age are equivalent after brief general anesthesia or awake-regional anesthesia in infancy

Brief Anesthesia in Infancy Does Not Mar Neurodevelopment

General anesthesia less than one hour does not seem to alter neurodevelopmental outcome at age 5
Screen time is associated with poorer performance on developmental screening tests among young children

Screen Time Linked to Poorer Child Developmental Performance

More screen time tied to poorer performance on developmental screening tests at 36, 60 months
Children in lower-income households more often receive a diagnosis of mental

Mental, Behavior, Developmental Disorders Up With Low-Income

Children in lower- versus higher-income households more often diagnosed with MBDDs
Young children who have surgical procedures that require general anesthesia do not have an increased risk for adverse child development outcomes

Pediatric Anesthesia Does Not Affect Development Outcomes

No significant differences seen in early developmental vulnerability in sibling-matched cohort
Pediatricians should encourage parents to ensure their children play

Pediatricians Have a Role in Encouraging Play Among Children

AAP recommends that pediatricians advocate for protection of children's unstructured playtime
Maternal vitamin D supplementation from mid-pregnancy until birth or until six months postpartum does not improve fetal or infant growth

Vit D Supplementation Doesn’t Improve Fetal, Infant Growth

Findings based on study of Bangladeshi women and infants, a population with known deficiency
Tendencies toward perfectionism and excessive self-control in children are associated with the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder and smaller dorsal anterior cingulate cortex volumes in later childhood and adolescence

Preschooler’s Perfectionism May Predict OCD in Adolescence

Early childhood observed performance monitoring risk factor for OCD during the next 12 years
Exposing infants to alcohol through breastfeeding may reduce their cognitive ability at age 6 to 7 years

Alcohol Exposure Via Breastmilk May Affect Infant Development

Exposure to alcohol through breastmilk linked to reduction in cognitive ability at age 6 to 7 years
The Ten Questions screen is an effective way to screen HIV-positive children for neurodevelopmental problems in resource-poor areas

Ten Questions Screen Helps ID Disability in HIV+ Children

Study shows it effectively IDs neurodevelopmental problems in resource-poor areas
Children with multiple exposures to anesthesia before age 3 are more likely to develop adverse outcomes related to learning and attention

Multiple Anesthesia Exposures Affect Learning and Attention

Adverse outcomes more likely to develop in children with multiple exposures before age 3