Home Pathology February 2017 Briefing – Pathology

February 2017 Briefing – Pathology

Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Pathology for February 2017. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.

Strategies Suggested to Protect Practices From Hackers

TUESDAY, Feb. 28, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Steps should be taken to protect medical practices, including small practices, from hackers, according to a report published in Medical Economics.

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CRC Incidence on the Rise Among Younger Americans

TUESDAY, Feb. 28, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Americans in their early 50s and younger are experiencing significant increases in colorectal cancer incidence, according to research published online Feb. 28 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

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Biomarker in Nasal Passages May ID Lung Cancer in Smokers

TUESDAY, Feb. 28, 2017 (HealthDay News) — DNA-based biomarkers in the nasal passages may be able to reveal whether a lung lesion is cancerous or not, according to a study published online Feb. 27 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

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Comorbid Neuropathies Common With MCI Diagnosis

TUESDAY, Feb. 28, 2017 (HealthDay News) — A diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is frequently associated with comorbid neuropathologies, according to a study published online Feb. 22 in the Annals of Neurology.

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Physician Burnout Eroding Sense of Calling

TUESDAY, Feb. 28, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For physicians across specialties, burnout is associated with reduced odds of a sense of calling, according to a study published online Feb. 8 in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.

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Supreme Court Rules Patient Safety Data Subject to Litigation

MONDAY, Feb. 27, 2017 (HealthDay News) — The Supreme Court of Florida has reversed a District Court of Appeal decision deeming information related to patient safety unprotected from litigation discovery, according to a report published from the American Medical Association.

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Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Found in Hospital Sinks

MONDAY, Feb. 27, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria can occur through sinks and other areas where water can pool inside hospitals, according to a study published online Feb. 24 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

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Early Use of Two Asthma Meds Could Prevent Lethal Pneumonia

MONDAY, Feb. 27, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Two medications used to treat asthma and allergies may help prevent a particularly dangerous form of pneumonia caused by influenza A virus (IAV) infection, according to a study published online recently in PLOS Pathogens.

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ACOG Recommends Use of Carrier Screening Before Pregnancy

MONDAY, Feb. 27, 2017 (HealthDay News) — The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends use of carrier screening for all women, according to two Committee Opinions published in the March issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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CDC: Fatal Drug Overdoses More Than Doubled Since 1999

FRIDAY, Feb. 24, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Drug overdose deaths have nearly tripled in the United States since 1999, with the largest increases seen for whites and middle-aged Americans, according to a February data brief published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics.

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Rates of Resistant Infections Up in U.S. Children

FRIDAY, Feb. 24, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacterial infections have increased 700 percent in American children since 2007, according to a study published online Feb. 22 in the Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.

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Cytomegalovirus May Up Risk of Diabetes, CVD in Some Women

THURSDAY, Feb. 23, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may make some women more susceptible to both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, according to research published online Feb. 23 in Obesity.

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Cyberattacks Remain Serious Threat to Health Providers

THURSDAY, Feb. 23, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Cyberattacks remain a serious threat to small providers as well as big institutions, according to a report published in Medical Economics.

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Targeting of Tracked Tumor Foci Ups Gleason Score Upgrading

THURSDAY, Feb. 23, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Targeting of tracked tumor foci allows for improved detection of Gleason score 4 + 3 or greater cancers among men under active surveillance for prostate cancer, according to a study published in the March issue of The Journal of Urology.

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Gestational Weight Gain Linked to Psychosis Risk in Children

THURSDAY, Feb. 23, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Gaining too little weight during pregnancy may increase the odds that offspring will develop schizophrenia later in life, according to a study published online Feb. 22 in JAMA Psychiatry.

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Drug Combo May Help Combat Hearing Loss

THURSDAY, Feb. 23, 2017 (HealthDay News) — In response to stimulation, mammalian Lgr5+ cochlear hair cells undergo clonal expansion, a discovery that may help combat hearing loss, according to a study published in the Feb. 21 issue of Cell Reports.

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Zika Virus Found to Cause Testicular Atrophy in Mice

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 22, 2017 (HealthDay News) — The Zika virus causes the testes of mice to shrink, according to an experimental study published in the Feb. 22 issue of Science Advances.

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Health Information Theft a Pressing Concern for U.S. Patients

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 22, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Forty-four percent of U.S. adults are worried about having their personal health care information stolen, according to findings from the Xerox eHealth Survey published Feb. 9 in HIT Consultant.

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Adiponectin Tied to Increased CV Risk in T2DM, Acute Coronary Sx

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 22, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), adiponectin concentration is associated with increased risk of certain cardiovascular (CV) outcomes, according to a study published online Feb. 14 in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.

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Nursing Homes Rarely Use Isolation for Drug-Resistant Bugs

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 22, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Isolation precautions are infrequently used for nursing home (NH) residents with multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection, according to a study published online Feb. 17 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

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HIV Coinfection May Play Role in Survival of Ebola RNA in Semen

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 22, 2017 (HealthDay News) — The semen of an Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivor with preexisting HIV still tested positive for Ebola virus RNA long after recovery from the disease, according to a research letter published in the March issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Emerging Infectious Diseases.

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HIV-1 Variants Are Specific for Transmission Route

TUESDAY, Feb. 21, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Specific HIV-1 variants are selected depending on the transmission route, according to a study published online Jan. 26 in Retrovirology.

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CMS Rule Set to Stabilize Small Health Insurance Markets

TUESDAY, Feb. 21, 2017 (HealthDay News) — The U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has proposed a rule in relation to new reforms intended to stabilize individual and small group health insurance markets for 2018.

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Better Stem Cell Tx Outcomes for Younger MS Patients

MONDAY, Feb. 20, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Stem cell transplants may halt the progression of aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) in nearly half of those with the disease, but selecting the right patients for the treatment is key, according to a study published online Feb. 20 in JAMA Neurology.

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Excess BMI Ups Risk of T1DM in Autoantibody-Positive Relatives

MONDAY, Feb. 20, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For autoantibody-positive relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes, elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of progression to type 1 diabetes, especially for those aged younger than 12 years, according to a study published online Feb. 15 in Diabetes Care.

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Increase in Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Tied to Imported Food

MONDAY, Feb. 20, 2017 (HealthDay News) — There has been an increase in the number and proportion of foodborne disease outbreaks associated with imported food, according to research published in the March issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Emerging Infectious Diseases.

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Drug-Induced Lupus Seen With Adalimumab Treatment

MONDAY, Feb. 20, 2017 (HealthDay News) — In a case report published online Feb. 12 in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) is described in a patient taking adalimumab for psoriasis.

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CDC: Influenza Vaccine 48 Percent Effective Overall

FRIDAY, Feb. 17, 2017 (HealthDay News) — This year’s influenza vaccine is a fairly good match for the circulating viruses, according to research published in the Feb. 17 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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D.C. Zika Tests Were Flawed

FRIDAY, Feb. 17, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Two women in Washington, D.C., were incorrectly found to be negative for Zika virus last year due to flawed testing, health officials said Thursday.

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Gluten-Free Diet Linked to Increased Levels of Toxic Metals

FRIDAY, Feb. 17, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Higher levels of arsenic and mercury have been identified in individuals consuming gluten-free diets, according to a study published online Feb. 3 in Epidemiology.

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Metformin Use Linked to Less Vitamin B12 Measurement

FRIDAY, Feb. 17, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Long-term metformin use is associated with lower serum vitamin B12 concentration, although metformin users are less likely to receive vitamin B12 testing, according to a study published online Feb. 9 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

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Health Care Spending Expected to Grow 5.6% Annually to 2025

THURSDAY, Feb. 16, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Health care spending is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 5.6 percent from 2016 to 2025, according to a report published online Feb. 15 in Health Affairs.

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Vitamin D May Help Reduce Risk of Acute Respiratory Infection

THURSDAY, Feb. 16, 2017 (HealthDay News) — There’s preliminary evidence that adequate amounts of vitamin D might help lower rates of acute respiratory infections, according to a review published online Feb. 15 in The BMJ.

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Delayed Development ID’d in Five Brain Regions of ADHD Patients

THURSDAY, Feb. 16, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with the delayed development of five brain regions and should be considered a brain disorder, according to a study published online Feb. 15 in The Lancet Psychiatry.

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Multi-Layered Microfluidic Device Developed as Model Kidney

THURSDAY, Feb. 16, 2017 (HealthDay News) — A multi-layered microfluidic device has been developed, which closely approximates the in vivo kidney environment, according to research published online Feb. 11 in RSC Advances.

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Research Suggests Potential Key to Alternative Lupus Treatment

THURSDAY, Feb. 16, 2017 (HealthDay News) — In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce oligomerization of mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein and type I interferon (IFN) production, according to a study published recently in Science Signaling.

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Bacteria, Fungi Found in Some Medicinal Marijuana Samples

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 15, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Medical marijuana may carry infectious bacteria and fungi that can pose a life-threatening risk to cancer patients who use it to ease the side effects of chemotherapy, according to a study published online recently in Clinical Microbiology and Infection.

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Smoking, T4 Tumors Up Distant Mets in HPV+ Oropharyngeal CA

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 15, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer, active smokers and those with T4 tumors have increased rates of distant metastases, according to a study published online Feb. 11 in Head & Neck.

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Dermoscopy + Triple Light Source Reliable in ID of Pityriasis Rosea

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 15, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Dermoscopy with three light sources is ideal for diagnosing pityriasis rosea (PR), according to a research letter published online Feb. 10 in the International Journal of Dermatology.

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Uric Acid Concentration, Fructose Intake Up NASH in Children

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 15, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Among children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), serum uric acid concentrations and fructose consumption are associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), according to a study published online Feb. 14 in the Journal of Hepatology.

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AHA: CVD Expected to Cost U.S. $1.1 Trillion Per Year by 2035

TUESDAY, Feb. 14, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in the United States, with costs expected to double from $555 billion in 2016 to $1.1 trillion in 2035, a new American Heart Association report estimates.

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Nearly 300 Genetic Regions Linked to Male Pattern Baldness

TUESDAY, Feb. 14, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Close to 300 genetic regions tied to male pattern baldness have been identified, according to a study published online Feb. 14 in PLOS Genetics.

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Circulating Extracellular RNAs Linked to Insulin Resistance

TUESDAY, Feb. 14, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Circulating extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs) are associated with insulin resistance (IR), according to a study published online Feb. 9 in Diabetes Care.

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Reduced Immune Response After Intradermal Flu Shot in Eczema

MONDAY, Feb. 13, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD), those colonized with Staphylococcus aureus have a reduced immune response to intradermal influenza vaccination, according to a study published online Feb. 13 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

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Review Links Albuminuria to Cognitive Impairment, Dementia

MONDAY, Feb. 13, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Albuminuria is associated with cognitive impairment, dementia, and cognitive decline, according to a review published online Feb. 2 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

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Ambient Air Pollution May Raise T2DM Risk in Hispanic Children

FRIDAY, Feb. 10, 2017 (HealthDay News) — High levels of air pollution may increase some Hispanic children’s risk of type 2 diabetes, according to a study published online Jan. 30 in Diabetes.

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Review: Noncomplete Mesorectal Excision Up With Laparoscopy

FRIDAY, Feb. 10, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal resection (LRR) have increased risk for noncomplete mesorectal excision versus those undergoing open rectal resection (ORR), according to a review and meta-analysis published online Feb. 8 in JAMA Surgery.

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Peroxide Ingestion As ‘Cleansing Agent’ Can Be Fatal

FRIDAY, Feb. 10, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Ingesting high-concentration hydrogen peroxide as a “natural cure” or cleansing agent is a dangerous practice that is associated with a high incidence of embolic events, according to a study published recently in Annals of Emergency Medicine.

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Low Serum Zinc, Selenium May Be Risk Factors for Alopecia Areata

THURSDAY, Feb. 9, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Patients with alopecia areata (AA) have significantly lower serum levels of zinc and selenium, according to a meta-analysis published online Feb. 2 in The Journal of Dermatology.

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Rat Study Shows Gut Dysbiosis Impacts Systolic Blood Pressure

THURSDAY, Feb. 9, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Gut dysbiosis seems to affect systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a rat model, according to an experimental study published recently in Physiological Genomics.

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Evaluation of Sepsis Varies Across Newborn Nurseries

THURSDAY, Feb. 9, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Considerable variation is seen in risk assessment for newborn early onset sepsis (EOS), according to a study published online Feb. 8 in Pediatrics.

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Review: Smokeless Tobacco Linked to Increased Risk of T2DM

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 8, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Consumption of Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, according to a study published online Feb. 6 in the Journal of Internal Medicine.

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Prenatal BPA Exposure May Dampen Body’s Fullness Cues

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 8, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) may raise a child’s risk of obesity by altering hypothalamic circuits that regulate feeding behavior and energy balance, according to an experimental study published online Feb. 7 in Endocrinology.

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Guideline Issued on Molecular Biomarkers for CRC Tissues

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 8, 2017 (HealthDay News) — A guideline, published online Feb. 6 in the Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, has been developed in relation to molecular biomarker testing of colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues.

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Diagnostic Potential for Blood-Based NfL in Parkinson’s Disease

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 8, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Measuring blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels may help distinguish Parkinson’s disease (PD) from atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD), according to a study published online Feb. 8 in Neurology.

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E-Cigarette Liquids Found to Contain Toxic Metals

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 8, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Electronic cigarette liquids can contain high levels of toxic and potentially carcinogenic metals, according to research published in the January issue of Environmental Research.

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Not Enough High-Risk Women Being Screened for BRCA1/2

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 8, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Many high-risk women don’t get genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2, often because they aren’t advised to by their doctors, according to a research letter published in the Feb. 7 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Active Synovitis With Osteitis Predicts Residual Synovitis in RA

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 8, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have clinical response to treatment, active synovitis with osteitis is associated with subsequent residual synovitis (R-synovitis), according to a study published online Feb. 3 in the International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases.

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Sickle Cell Trait May Affect Reliability of HbA1c Readings

TUESDAY, Feb. 7, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements may be less accurate in black people who have sickle cell trait (SCT), according to a study published online Feb. 7 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Outreach Strategies Increase HCC Screening in Cirrhosis

TUESDAY, Feb. 7, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Outreach strategies increase the percentage of patients with cirrhosis who undergo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening, according to a study published in the February issue of Gastroenterology.

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Significant Differences for Methods of Measuring Albumin

TUESDAY, Feb. 7, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Significant differences are seen for immunochemical, bromcresol green (BCG), and bromcresol purple (BCP) methods of albumin measurement, according to a study published online Jan. 20 in Clinical Chemistry.

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Fewer Toxic Chemicals Seen for E-Cigarette Use Versus Tobacco

TUESDAY, Feb. 7, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes can substantially reduce their intake of toxic chemicals and carcinogens — but only if they completely quit smoking tobacco, according to a study published online Feb. 7 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

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Urologic CA Predictors ID’d in Women With Microhematuria

TUESDAY, Feb. 7, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Older age, history of smoking, and gross hematuria predict urologic cancer in women with microscopic hematuria, according to a study published in the February issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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HbA1c Tied to Progression of Aortic Stiffness Without Diabetes

TUESDAY, Feb. 7, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For individuals without diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated with accelerated progression of aortic stiffness, according to a study published online Jan. 25 in Diabetes Care.

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AAP: Improvement Needed in Adolescent Vaccination Rates

TUESDAY, Feb. 7, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Adolescent rates of vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza are well below the target of 80 percent or higher, according to two American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) reports published online Feb. 6 in Pediatrics.

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FDA Approves Newborn Screening Tests for Metabolic Disorders

MONDAY, Feb. 6, 2017 (HealthDay News) — A set of screening tests designed to detect four rare metabolic disorders in newborns has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

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Poor Pathologist Agreement for Low-Grade Dysplasia in Barrett’s

MONDAY, Feb. 6, 2017 (HealthDay News) — There is poor agreement between pathologists in diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE), according to a study published in the February issue of Gastroenterology.

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2000 to 2014 Saw Increase in Vitamin D Deficiency in Children

FRIDAY, Feb. 3, 2017 (HealthDay News) — From 2000 to 2014 there was an increase in the rate of vitamin D deficiency diagnosis among children, according to a study published online Feb. 3 in Pediatrics.

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CDC: 2.5 Million U.S. Women Have Had Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

FRIDAY, Feb. 3, 2017 (HealthDay News) — About 2.5 million American women have had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), according to research published in the Jan. 27 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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High TG, Low HDL-C Levels May Help Further Stratify CHD Risk

FRIDAY, Feb. 3, 2017 (HealthDay News) — A high fasting triglyceride (TG) level combined with a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with increased risks of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke, especially for patients with diabetes or a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level of ≥130 mg/dL, independent of other atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors, according to a study published online Jan. 25 in Diabetes Care.

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Transverse Myelitis ID’d As Manifestation of Celiac Dx in Child

THURSDAY, Feb. 2, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Transverse myelitis (TM) can be a manifestation of celiac disease (CD) in young children, according to a case report published online Feb. 2 in Pediatrics.

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Patient Infected With HIV Despite Long-Term Adherence to PrEP

THURSDAY, Feb. 2, 2017 (HealthDay News) — In a letter to the editor published in the Feb. 2 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, authors present the case of a Canadian man infected with HIV despite long-term adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

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TGF-β1 Linked to Recurrent A-Fib After Catheter Ablation

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 1, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is associated with recurrence after catheter ablation, according to a study published online Jan. 27 in the Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology.

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PD-1 Expression Tied to Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 1, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) disease severity, according to a study published online Jan. 25 in Allergy.

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Relapse Risk Up With Low Vitamin D Levels in Ulcerative Colitis

WEDNESDAY, Feb. 1, 2017 (HealthDay News) — For patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), serum vitamin D levels ≤35 ng/mL are associated with increased risk of clinical relapse, according to a study published in the February issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

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