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Prescribed opioids are associated with an increased risk for community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among persons with and without HIV

Rx Opioids Up Pneumonia Risk in Patients With, Without HIV

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Risk greatest with higher-dose opioids and opioids with immunosuppressive properties
A rule with six criteria can determine whether patients can be safely discharged from the emergency department after a one-hour observation period following prehospital naloxone administration

Discharge One Hour After Naloxone for OD May Be Option

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New rule has sensitivity, specificity of 84.1, 62.1 percent for patients receiving prehospital naloxone
From 1999 to 2016

Pediatric Mortality Rate From Opioid Poisoning Rose 1999 to 2016

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Pediatric mortality rate increased from 0.22 to 0.81 per 100,000; rates highest for 15- to 19-year-olds
There is considerable variation in opioid prescribing among pediatric patients

Opioid Prescribing Patterns Vary for Pediatric Patients

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Geographic region, race, age, payment method associated with differences in opioid prescribing
More than two-thirds of drug overdose deaths in 2017 involved an opioid

More Than Two-Thirds of Drug OD Deaths in 2017 Involved Opioids

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Significant increases seen in death rates involving synthetic opioids in 15 of 20 states from 2013 to 2017
Patients with opioid use disorder undergoing cardiac surgery have increased complications and costs

Complications, Costs Up With Cardiac Sx in Opioid Use Disorder

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No increased risk of mortality, but increase in incidence of major complications
The labels of prescription opioid painkillers should advise doctors to consider simultaneously prescribing the opioid overdose antidote naloxone

FDA Advisory Panels: Prescribe Naloxone With Opioid Painkillers

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Federal government urged to make naloxone more widely available, easier to obtain, and cheaper
Opioid use is associated with small improvements in pain and physical functioning in patients with chronic noncancer pain

Opioids Offer Small Improvement in Pain, Physical Function

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Benefits for pain and physical function similar between opioids and nonopioid pain meds
Buprenorphine-naloxone is cost-effective compared with extended-release naltrexone for treating opioid use disorder

Buprenorphine-Naloxone Cost-Effective for Opioid Use Disorder

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Treatment costs less than extended-release naltrexone without negative impact on outcomes
Guidelines have been developed for use of opioids for uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal birth; the draft consensus guidelines were published online Dec. 4 in Obstetrics & Gynecology.

Guidelines Developed for Opioid Use in Vaginal Birth

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Guidelines include use of lowest effective dose, smallest quantity of opioids needed for expected pain