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Preoperative opioid and sedative use are risk factors for morbidity and mortality following colorectal resections

GI Surgical Outcomes Worse With Preop Use of Opioids, Sedatives

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Findings seen in patients undergoing colorectal resection for nontrauma reasons
Persistent opioid use is a common concern after cardiac surgery

Persistent Opioid Use Seen in ~10 Percent of Patients After Cardiac Surgery

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Higher opioid dosage prescribed at discharge associated with increased risk for new persistent use
In 2015 to 2018

CDC: 10.7 Percent of U.S. Adults Used Rx Pain Meds in 2015 to 2018

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No change found in use of prescription opioids from 2009-2010 to 2017-2018, but increase seen in nonopioid meds
Filling an opioid prescription in the postpartum period is associated with an increased risk for serious opioid-related events

Filling Opioid Rx Postpartum Ups Serious Opioid-Related Events

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Serious opioid-related event rate increased with increasing number of postpartum opioid prescriptions
From 2004 to 2017

AAOS: Opioid Prescribing Down for Minor Ortho Injuries in Youth

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However, 54.3 percent of patients received at least one dose of opioid during ED or clinic visit
Large pharmacy chains

Large U.S. Pharmacy Chains Played Role in Opioid Crisis, Lawsuit Claims

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Lawsuit charges chains sold millions of pills in small communities, gave bonuses to pharmacists
Patients initiating hemodialysis often are prescribed opioids and short-acting benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines, Codispensed Opioids Common in Hemodialysis

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Risk for mortality increased for those receiving short-acting benzodiazepines alone or with opioids
Emergency department patients with nonfatal opioid or sedative/hypnotic drug overdose have exceptionally high risks for death in the following year

One-Year Mortality High Following ED Visit for Overdose

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Mortality rates higher from unintentional overdose, suicide, and natural causes at one year
Opioid-related deaths in the cancer population are much rarer than in the general population

Opioid-Related Deaths Less Likely Among Cancer Patients

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Mortality lower despite common opioid prescriptions for cancer-related pain
There are racial differences in pain management and pain outcomes for children seen in the emergency department for long-bone fractures

Racial Differences Found in Managing Children’s Pain From Broken Bones

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Minority children less likely to receive opioids and optimal pain management versus white children