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Four-year-olds with excess weight have an increased risk for high blood pressure at age 6 years

Excess Weight Tied to Increased Risk for High BP in Young Children

Risk for hypertension at age 6 higher for children with incident, persistent excess weight at age 4
For children with obesity

Health Issues Prevalent Across BMI Classes for Obese Children

Mental health issues consistent across BMI groups; social, mechanical issues more common with higher BMI
Children with autism spectrum disorder have increased odds of overweight/obesity compared with general population controls after adjustment for child co-occurring conditions

Odds of Overweight/Obesity Up for Children With Autism

Among children with ASD, those with severe symptoms more likely to be overweight/obese
If current trends continue

Childhood Obesity/Overweight Steadily Rose From 1999 to 2014

If trends continue, about one-third of children and one-half of teens will be obese/overweight by 2030
Eating-related factors appear to be most strongly associated with the severity of loss of control among young people with overweight or obesity

Contextual Factors Linked to Overeating, Loss of Control

Internal factors correlated with loss of control, while external factors tied to overeating severity
Increased adiposity in childhood may negatively impact liver function in children as young as 8 years old

Obesity Can Negatively Effect Liver in Children As Young As 8

At mid-childhood, 23 percent of studied children with high waist circumference had elevated ALT
Children exposed to metformin in utero have an increased risk of being overweight at age 4 years

Exposure to Metformin In Utero Ups Risk of Being Overweight

Findings among children of women with polycystic ovary syndrome on metformin during pregnancy
High maternal fish intake during pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of rapid growth in infancy

Fish Intake During Pregnancy Tied to Offspring Growth

High maternal fish intake linked to increased risk of rapid infant growth, overweight/obesity
Maternal gestational weight gain and post-delivery weight gain are independently associated with a child's weight development

Gestational, Post-Delivery Weight Gain Linked to Child’s Weight

Highest BMI z score for those with high gestational weight gain, high post-delivery weight gain
Overweight and obese adolescents have persistently higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

Sleep Affects HOMA-IR in Overweight, Obese Teens

Significant contributors include BMI z-score, age, pubertal stage, total sleep time, sleep efficiency