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Pediatrics

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The disparity gap for care practices and certain outcomes between minority and white infants born at 22 to 29 gestational weeks narrowed from 2006 to 2017

Racial, Ethnic Disparities in Care for Preemies Have Narrowed

Disparities have narrowed in specific care practices for African-American, Hispanic versus white infants
Ultrasound guidance improves first-attempt success in establishing intravenous lines in children

Ultrasound Aids IV Line Placement in Children

Findings showed success of first attempts in children with presumed difficult peripheral access
Treatment with methylphenidate affects specific tracts in brain white matter in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Methylphenidate Tx Tied to Brain Changes in Boys With ADHD

White matter changes seen after four months of MPH versus placebo in boys, but not men, with ADHD
Use of non-hospital-based provider-to-patient telehealth grew almost 1

Non-Hospital-Based Provider-to-Patient Telehealth Use Growing

2014 to 2018 saw increase of 1,393 percent from 0.007 to 0.104 percent of all medical claim lines
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for illicit drug use in adults

USPSTF Recommends Screening Adults for Illicit Drug Use

Evidence inadequate to weigh the balance of benefits and harms of screening for adolescents
Nearly two-thirds of actively practicing physicians are still carrying medical school debt

One-Third of Physicians Will Take 10+ Years to Pay Off Debt

Survey shows that taking extra shifts is one strategy to help doctors pay off medical school debt
A section on the use of technology in the management of diabetes has been added to the American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes; a clinical guideline summary was published online Aug. 13 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Use of Technology Now Included in Standards of Diabetes Care

Use of an intermittently scanned CGM can be considered as substitute to SMBG for adults
Misuse of prescription drugs is common among high school students

Prescription Drug Misuse Common in High Schoolers

44 percent of high school seniors who misuse prescription drugs have multiple drug sources
Cognitive behavioral therapy should be the first line of treatment in younger patients with major depressive disorder before clinicians prescribe medication

Psychotherapy Alone First Line of Treatment for Depressed Youth

Adding fluoxetine to cognitive behavioral therapy did not further reduce depressive symptoms
For children undergoing tonsillectomy

No Evidence for Benefits of Opioids After Pediatric Tonsillectomy

Perioperative opioid fills linked to risk of return visit for constipation but not pain, dehydration or hemorrhage